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As the first step in our process
of identifying Highly Cited Researchers, each article in the dataset
under analysis is assigned to one or more ISI categories based on
the classification of the journal in which it is published.
Researchers are assigned to categories in ISIHighlyCited.com based
on the category (categories) in which their published research
places them among the 250 most cited authors. It is often the case
that a Highly Cited Researcher will have published in journals
assigned to two or more categories, while only being accorded the
honor for their publications in one category. To most accurately
represent the research topics pursued by these outstanding scholars,
each publication list in ISIHighlyCited.com contains all
publications supplied to us by the author.
The "scope notes" below provide
some general information for understanding the ISI categorization of
journals for the ISIHighlyCited.com analysis. The journal lists
presented below reflect the journal coverage and categorization at
the time of the 1981-2005 analysis.
Journals with very broad subject
coverage (such as Science, and Nature)
cannot fit in any of the categories listed below. These journals
are classified as "Multidisciplinary" and are subject to an
additional, two-step analysis at the article level. First, the
cited and citing references for each paper are analyzed to determine
if these related papers collect significantly to one other
category. Across all the Multidisciplinary journals, over 60% of
articles are successfully categorized this way; for the journals
Science, Nature and PNAS, the
percentage of categorized articles exceeds 90%. However, there
remain some articles whose cited and citing references cross
categories too extensively to allow this assignment. In those
cases, the analysis for ISIHighlyCited.com moves to the level of the
author. Papers that are not categorized by source journal or
citation are collected by each of the author names. For each author
name, the Multidisciplinary papers and their citations are added to
that field in which the author has published the majority of their
other works. Finally, when the citation analysis of an individual
author does not show a clear majority of articles in one subject, a
Thomson ISI Editor will consider whether the addition of articles
and citations from Multidisciplinary journals would change the
author's citation level in any category to a degree that would place
them among the 250 most-cited researchers. (View
the list of titles analyzed as Multidisciplinary journals.)
In the design of the analysis
for ISIHighlyCited.com, every effort was made to create criteria
that were objective, but that also considered how categorization,
and publication practices in different fields could affect the
placement of a researcher. We are always willing to analyze author
records individually when there are questions; contact
Highly.Cited@thomson.com if you have questions about an
individual researcher record.
See "How does
ISI identify Highly Cited Researchers?" for more information on our analysis.
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
The AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES category covers journals in general
agriculture, agricultural economics, agricultural engineering,
agronomy, tillage research, agroforestry, horticulture, and crop
protection and science. Also included are agrochemistry,
phytochemistry, agricultural biochemistry, food chemistry, cereal
chemistry, and carbohydrate and lipid research. This category also
contains literature related to food science (composition, additives
and contaminants, microbiology and technology, engineering and
processing) as well as meat science and dairy science. Nutrition is
also covered here, including nutrition and metabolism, nutrition
science and nutritional biochemistry.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY (return to
top)
The BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY category covers journals on a broad range
of topics in biology, including structure and chemistry of
biological molecules, molecular, cellular and clinical studies of
the endocrine system, regulation of cell, organ and system functions
by hormones, experimental research in general biology and biological
systems, regulation of biological functions at the whole organism
level and exploitation of living organisms or their components,
industrial microbiology, pollution remediation, industrial chemicals
and enzymes, biosensors, bioelectronics, pesticide development,
food, flavor and fragrance industry applications, and waste
treatment.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
CHEMISTRY (return to
top)
The CHEMISTRY category includes journals that cover a broad spectrum
of topics in the chemical sciences. Subjects include analytical
chemistry, spectroscopy, instrumentation, inorganic and nuclear
chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer science,
food chemistry, chemical methods and structures, natural and
laboratory syntheses, isolation and analysis of clinically
significant molecules, medicinal chemistry, and chemical
engineering. Miscellaneous and applied chemistry journals are also
placed in this category.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
CLINICAL MEDICINE (return to
top)
The CLINICAL MEDICINE category covers journals dealing with a wide
range of medical and biomedical topics. These journals include basic
and/or applied research and reviews in anesthesia, cardiovascular
medicine, dentistry, dermatology, general & internal medicine,
endocrinology, environmental medicine, gastroenterology, gynecology,
hepatology, hematology, nephrology, nuclear medicine, obstetrics,
oncology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, pediatrics, pharmacology,
radiology, toxicology, respiratory medicine, rheumatology, surgery,
and urology
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
COMPUTER SCIENCE (return to
top)
The COMPUTER SCIENCE category includes journals on computer hardware
and architecture, computer software, software engineering and
design, computer graphics, programming languages, theoretical
computing, computing methodologies, broad computing topics, and
interdisciplinary computer applications. Also covered are the
technical aspects of information systems and information technology,
including the acquisition, processing, storage, management, and
dissemination of information. This category also covers literature
on the technical aspects of communications via various devices and
systems.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
ECOLOGY/ENVIRONMENT (return to
top)
The ECOLOGY/ENVIRONMENT category includes journals dealing with pure
and applied ecology, ecological modeling and engineering,
ecotoxicology, evolutionary ecology, environmental contamination and
toxicology, environmental health, monitoring, technology, geology,
and management. Other areas covered are soil science and
conservation, water resources research and engineering, climate
change, and biodiversity conservation. Natural history journals are
also included here.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
ECONOMICS & BUSINESS (return to
top)
The ECONOMICS & BUSINESS category includes journals on theoretical,
political, agricultural, and developmental economics as well as
business, finance, management and organizational science, strategic
planning and decision-making methods, industrial relations and
labor.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
ENGINEERING (return to
top)
The ENGINEERING category includes publications in a number of
engineering disciplines, including aerospace engineering, mechanical
engineering, nuclear energy, and electrical and electronics
engineering. Also included are civil engineering journals on
subjects such as water resources and supply, transportation, and
municipal engineering. Journals that discuss the effects of humans
on the environment and the development of controls to minimize
environmental degradation are also covered. Artificial intelligence
literature covers research and techniques for creating machines that
exhibit characteristics of human intelligence. The closely related
topics of robotics and “automatic control” are also covered.
Engineering mathematics includes journals on mathematical modeling,
optimization techniques, and statistical methods that have an
emphasis on engineering systems. Instrumentation journals are
concerned with the development, manufacture, and application of
instruments, especially for observation and measurement.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
GEOSCIENCES (return to
top)
The GEOSCIENCES category includes journals that deal with all
aspects of geoscience, including geology, geochemistry, geophysics,
geotechnics, economic geology, petrochemistry, mineralogy,
meteorology and atmospheric sciences, hydrology, oceanography,
petroleum geology, volcanology, seismology, climatology,
paleontology, geography, remote sensing, and geodesy. Geological,
petroleum and mining engineering are also included in this category.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researches in this category
IMMUNOLOGY (return to
top)
The IMMUNOLOGY category incorporates journals containing cellular &
molecular studies in immunology as well as clinical research in
immunopathology, infectious diseases, autoimmunity and allergy.
Host-pathogen interactions in infectious disease, as well as
experimental therapeutic applications of immunomodulating agents are
also considered. Excluded from the Immunology category are journals
dealing primarily with the biology of microbial, viral, or parasitic
pathogens.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
MATERIALS SCIENCE (return to
top)
The MATERIALS SCIENCE category deals with journals covering the
admixtures of matter or the basic materials from which products are
constructed. Included in the category are journals on ceramics,
paper and wood products, polymers, textiles, composites, coatings &
films, and biomaterials. Also included are journals concerned with
the production of metals and alloys, their adaptation for practical
use, and their performance in service (metallurgy). This category
also contains journals that focus on the application of chemistry to
materials design and testing; the branch of physics concerned with
the structure and properties of condensed matter (superconductors,
semiconductors, ferroelectrics, and dielectrics); and Physical
Chemistry/Chemical Physics, the application of the concepts and laws
of physics to chemical phenomena.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
MATHEMATICS (return to
top)
The MATHEMATICS category is comprises journals dealing with pure
mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and probability.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researches in this category
MICROBIOLOGY (return to
top)
The MICROBIOLOGY category contains journals dealing with the biology
& biochemistry of microorganisms (bacterial, viral and parasitic) as
well as the medical implications of the subsets of these organisms
known to cause diseases in humans &/or animals. Biotechnology
applications of microorganisms for basic science or clinical use are
also covered. Excluded form the Microbiology category are journals
that emphasize immune response to pathogens and its modulation by
clinical intervention
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS (return to
top)
The MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS category includes biochemistry,
molecular biology, biophysics, and pharmacology of cellular
functions in eukaryotic systems. Also, basic and applied genetics,
receptor biology, signal transduction, regulation of gene
expression, developmental genetics and biology, morphogenesis,
cell-environment interactions, molecular genetics, mechanisms of
mutagenesis, structure, function and regulation of genetic material,
clinical genetics, patterns of inheritance, and genetic causes,
screening and treatment of diseases. Exclusions include techniques
for microscopic or histological analysis of cell or tissue samples.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
NEUROSCIENCE (return to
top)
The NEUROSCIENCE category includes journals which cover cellular and
molecular neuroscience, neuronal development, basic and clinical
neurology, psychiatry, and psychopharmacology. This category also
includes experimental and biobehavioral psychology, molecular
psychology, and studies of neuronal function underlying higher
cognitive processes. Excluded from the Neuroscience category are
journals dealing with cognitive or behavioral clinical
psychotherapy, psychological assessments, and casebooks in clinical
neurology.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
PHARMACOLOGY (return to
top)
The PHARMACOLOGY category includes journals dealing with
pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics. Of particular
importance are cellular and molecular pharmacology, drug design and
metabolism, mechanisms of drug action, drug delivery, natural
products, xenobiotics, and mechanisms of action for clinical
therapeutics. Toxicology coverage considers journals on molecular
and cellular effects of harmful substances, environmental
toxicology, occupational exposure and clinical toxicology. Medicinal
chemistry, synthesis and chemical analysis of pharmaceuticals, and
pharmacology engineering are not included in this category.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
PHYSICS (return to
top)
The PHYSICS category includes journals that contain articles from
all areas of physics. The category also includes publications
specifically concerned with the following physics sub-fields:
mathematical physics, particle and nuclear physics, physics of
fluids and plasmas, quantum physics, theoretical physics, applied
physics, condensed matter physics, the physics of materials, optics
and acoustics.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
PLANT & ANIMAL SCIENCE (return to
top)
PLANT SCIENCE coverage includes general botany journals, regional
botany, mycology, bryology, plant physiology, forestry, weed
science, plant pathology, economic botany, aquatic botany and
ecology, plant nutrition, photosynthesis research and experimental
botany, as well as the cellular and molecular biology or physiology
of plant cells and plant systems. ANIMAL SCIENCE coverage includes
journals on animal behavior, animal production science, poultry
science, wildlife research, lab animal science, and zoology. Also
included are journals in sub-disciplines of zoology such as
primatology, mammalogy, herpetology, nematology, and malacology.
Entomology and pest control journals are included here, as are
veterinary medicine and animal health journals. Also represented are
marine and freshwater biology, fisheries science and aquaculture.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
PSYCHOLOGY/PSYCHIATRY (return to
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The PSYCHOLOGY/PSYCHIATRY category covers journals on all areas of
psychology, including applied, biological, clinical, developmental,
educational, mathematical, organizational, personal and social as
well as diagnosis and treatment of persons with mental and emotional
disorders.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
SOCIAL SCIENCES, GENERAL (return to
top)
The SOCIAL SCIENCES, GENERAL category includes journals on
communication, environmental studies, library and information
sciences, political science, public health and administration,
rehabilitation, social work and social policy as well as sociology
and anthropology. Coverage in law and Education have also been
included here. The LAW category includes journals on law,
criminology, penology, as well as some journals on interdisciplinary
subjects of interest to social scientists such as international
relations or psychology. The EDUCATION category contains journals on
both theoretical and practical educational issues as well as special
education.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this category
SPACE SCIENCES (return to
top)
The SPACE SCIENCES category includes journals dealing with all areas
of astronomy and astrophysics, which are concerned with celestial
bodies and the observation and interpretation of radiation received
in the vicinity of the Earth from the component parts of the
universe. This literature deals with the physical properties of
celestial bodies, such as luminosity, size, mass density,
temperature, chemical composition and their origin and evolution.
Planetary science is also included in this category.
View the list of journals for this category
View the list of Highly Cited Researchers in this
category
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